MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
MIS(INTRODUCTION, MEANING, ROLE, IMPROTANCE, ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES,SYSTEM APPROACH,MIS ORGANIZATION, DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL THEORY, MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR)
INTRODUCTION TO MIS:
MIS STANDS FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM.IT IS A COMPUTER BASED SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES FLEXIBLE AND SPEEDY ACCESS TO ACCURATE DATA. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS COMPUTER BASED SYSTEM (C.I.S.)
DEFINITION OF MIS:
MIS IS DEFINED AS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF MAN AND MACHINE FOR PROVIDING THE INFORMATION TO SUPPORT THE OPERATIONS, THE MANAGEMENT AND THE DECISION- MAKING FUNCTIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION. SHORT ATTENDENCE, LOAN TAKEN BY PEOPLE, PRODUCT TREND ANALYSIS, ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF CERTAIN RESULTS PROVIDED BY THE SPECIFIED MIS.
MEANING OF MIS:
MIS MEANS A SET OF COMPUTER BASED SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES IMPLEMENTED TO HELP MANAGERS IN THEIR CRUCIAL JOB OF DECISION MAKING. THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF IT INVOLVES THE COLLECTION, ORGANISATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE OF ORGANISATION-WIDE INFORMATION FOR MANAGERIAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL. MIS COMPRISES OF MANAGEMENT, INFORMATION AND SYSTEM MANAGEMENT EMPHASISES THE ULTIMATE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING , RATHER THAN MERELY STRESSING ON TECHNOLOGY.INFORMATION HIGHLIGHTS ON PROCESSED DATA RATHER THAN RAW DATA.SYSTEM EMPHASISES A FAIR DEGREE OF INTEGRATION AND A HOLISTIC VIEW.
ROLE OR OBJECTIVES OF MIS:
•FACILITATE
•PROVIDE REQUISITE INFORMATION
•HELP
•SUPPORT
•PROVIDE A SYSTEM OF PEOPLE
FACILITATE:
MIS FACILITATES THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS BY FURNISHING INFORMATION IN THE PROPER TIME FRAME. THIS HELPS THE DECISION MAKER TO SELECT THE BEST COURSE OF MANAGEMENT.
PROVIDE REQUISITE INFORMATION:
MIS PROVIDES REQUISITE INFORMATION AT EACH LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT TO CARRY OUT THEIR FUNCTION.
HELP:
MIS HELPS IN HIGHLIGHTING THE CRITICAL INFORMATION OR FACTORS TO THE CLOSELY MONITORED FOR SUCCESSFUL FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISATION.
SUPPORT:
MIS SUPPORTS DECISION MAKING IN BOTH STRICTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED PROBLEM ENVIRONMENT.
PROVIDE A SYSTEM OF PEOPLE:
MIS PROVIDES A SYSTEM OF PEOPLE, COMPUTERS, PROCEDURES, INTERACTIVEL QUERY FACILITIES, DOCUMENTS FOR COLLECTING, STORING, RETRIEVING, AND TRANSMITTING INFORMATION TO THE USERS.
ADVANTAGES OF MIS:
•USING MIS, COMPANIES ARE ABLE TO IDENTITY THEIR STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES.
•IT PROVIDES OVERALL PICTURE OF AN ORGANISATION.
•IT ACTS AS A COMMUNICATION AND PLANING TOOL.
•IT PROVIDES AVAILABILITY OF CUSTOMER DATA AND FEEDBACK THAT HELPS THE COMPANY FOR PROCESSING ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMERS.
•MIS IS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND SO IT GIVES BUSINESS OWNERS THE ABILITY TO COLLECT, PROCESS AND ENTERPRET DATA.
DISADVANTAGES OF MIS:
•DATA QUALITY ISSUES: ONE OF THE PROBLEM WITHIN AN MIS FRAMEWORK IS THAT THE QUALITY OF THE SYSTEM DEPENDS LARGELY ON THE QUALITY OF DATA. IF THE DATA IS INSUFFICIENT, INCORRECT AND MISPLACED, THE DECISIONS THAT MANAGERS MAKE BASED ON THE DATA CAN BE FAULTY.
•SECURITY ISSUES: MIS INCLUDES SOME DATA SECURITY ISSUES. For example: hackers may identify the corporate sensitive data.
NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF MIS:
NATURE: MIS IS BOTH ART AND SCIENCE. IT IS AN ART BECAUSE IT APPLIES ALL THE TACTS AND SKILLS. IT IS A SCIENCE BECAUSE IT USES THE LAWS, POLICIES, PROCEDURES, RULES, REGULATIONS AND PRINCIPLES.
IMPORTANCE: MIS IS IMPORTANT BOTH TO COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS. IT PLAYS A IMPORTANT ROLE IN ANALYSING, INTERFACE DESIGNING, USER INTERACTION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT, AND IN DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS INDEPENDENTLY.
DIFFERENT FIELDS WHERE MIS IS USED:
•OIL EXPLORATION
•SPACE EXPLORATION
•WEATHER FORECASTING
•MARKET ANALYSIS
•FINANCIAL PLANNING
•PRODUCTION PLANNIG
•HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
•TRANSPORTATION
•COMMUNICATION
•HEAVY INDUSTRIES
•CHEMICALS
•SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
•CARE
•TOURISM
•HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
•EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
•OTHERS.
SYSTEM APPROACH TO MIS:
MIS FOLLOWS THE SYSTEM APPROACH , WHICH IMPLIES A STEP BY STEP APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF SYSTEM AND IT'S PERFORMANCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE OBJECTIVE FOR WHICH IT HAS BEEN CONSTITUTED. IT MEANS TAKING A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OR A COMPLETE LOOK AT THE INTERLOCKING SUB-SYSTEMS THAT OPERATES WITHIN A ORGANISATION.
SYSTEM APPROACH USES A SYSTEM ORIENTATION TO DEFINE A PROBLEM AND DEVELOP SOLUTIONS
IT INVOLVES FOLLOWING INTERRELATED ACTIVITIES:
1.DEFINE THE PROBLEM
2.DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
3.SELECT SOLUTION
4.DESIGN THE SOLUTION
5.IMPLEMENT THE SOLUTION
REASONS FOR SYSTEM APPROACH:
•INCREASED COMPLEXITY OF BUSINESS
•INCREASED COMPLEXITY OF MANAGEMENT
Types of the System in the Management Information Systems:
1.CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
2.EMPIRICAL SYSTEM
3.OPEN SYSTEM
4.CLOSED SYSTEM
5.NATURAL SYSTEM
6.ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM
7.PROBABILISTIC SYSTEM 8.DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM
1.CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
Are theoretical and explanatory in the nature.Provide the much needed clarification.Provide theoretical framework for which there may or may not be any real life counterpart.E.g. of such systems can be philosophy, theology etc.
2.EMPIRICAL SYSTEM:
Are very practical, specific and also very operational in the nature.Can be based on the conceptual system.Examination system, surgery act as very good examples of the empirical systems.
3. OPEN SYSTEM:
Involve continuous interaction with the environment.So exchanges the information, material, energy with the environment.Is open and also self organizing in the nature.Is also adoptive or adaptive to the changing environment as it is flexible.
4.CLOSED SYSTEM:
Shuns any kind of the exchange with the environment.Is rigid in nature.Is not at all amenable to the change.Is also self contained.Is somewhat isolated in the nature.Is having a well defined boundary.Is not at all adaptive in the nature
5. NATURAL SYSTEM:
Such Systems exist and also abound in the nature.Are also not at all the results of the human endeavors.Rivers, mountains, minerals etc. are the major examples of the natural Systems.
6. ARTIFICIAL OR MAN MADE SYSTEM:
Are manufactured (man made).Examples of such Systems are dams, canals, roads, machines, factories etc
7. PROBABILISTIC SYSTEM:
Based on the predictability of the behavior or the outcome.
8. DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM:
In such Systems, the interaction of the elements is known.As the behavior of the elements is pre determined, it becomes possible to work upon the reaction well in the advance.
SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE:
•STUDY PHASE
•DESIGN PHASE
•DEVELOPMENT PHASE
•IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
STUDY PHASE:
STUDY PHASE INCLUDES •IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEMS
•STUDY OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM
•IDENTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION OF IT'S ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ACTION
•SELECTION OF THE MOST APPROPRIATE COURSE OF ACTION AS PER THE OBJECTIVE.
DESIGN PHASE:
•IDENTIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONS TO BE PERFORMED
•STUDY OF THE INPUT/OUTPUT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
•DEFINING BASIC PARAMETERS OF SYSTEM DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT PHASE:
•IN THIS STAGE, THE DECISION ABOUT SELECTION AND USE OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE IS TAKEN.
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE:
THE SYSTEM SO DESIGNED IS GIVEN PRACTICAL SHAPE AND IS ADOPTED FOR USE.
MIS ORGANIZATION:
Management information system, or MIS, broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL THEORIES:
Organisational developement or OD emerged out of human relations studies from the 1930s where psychologists realized that organizational structures and processes influence worker behavior and motivation.Lewin's work in the 1940s and 1950s also helped show that feedback was a valuable tool in addressing social processes.More recently, work on OD has expanded to focus on aligning organizations with their rapidly changing and complex environments through organizational learning, knowledge management and transformation of organizational norms and values
ORGANISATIONAL theories development:
The development of ORGANISATIONAL theories focuses on organisational climate, culute, strategies, time, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, principles, ideas, faster processing and management.
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR:
ORGANIZATINAL BEHAVIOR OR OB IS THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN AN ORGANISATION. IT IS ACTUALLY THE INTERFACE BETWEEN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE ORGANIZATION.
THE MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR STUDY IN WHICH HUMANS WORKING IN THE ORGANIZATION ARE JUDGED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR BEHAVIOR AND TRAINING, GUIDANCE, WARNING ARE GIVEN OR NECESSARY ACTIONS ARE TAKEN THEREOF.
MIS(INTRODUCTION, MEANING, ROLE, IMPROTANCE, ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES,SYSTEM APPROACH,MIS ORGANIZATION, DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL THEORY, MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR)
INTRODUCTION TO MIS:
MIS STANDS FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM.IT IS A COMPUTER BASED SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES FLEXIBLE AND SPEEDY ACCESS TO ACCURATE DATA. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS COMPUTER BASED SYSTEM (C.I.S.)
DEFINITION OF MIS:
MIS IS DEFINED AS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF MAN AND MACHINE FOR PROVIDING THE INFORMATION TO SUPPORT THE OPERATIONS, THE MANAGEMENT AND THE DECISION- MAKING FUNCTIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION. SHORT ATTENDENCE, LOAN TAKEN BY PEOPLE, PRODUCT TREND ANALYSIS, ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF CERTAIN RESULTS PROVIDED BY THE SPECIFIED MIS.
MEANING OF MIS:
MIS MEANS A SET OF COMPUTER BASED SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES IMPLEMENTED TO HELP MANAGERS IN THEIR CRUCIAL JOB OF DECISION MAKING. THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF IT INVOLVES THE COLLECTION, ORGANISATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE OF ORGANISATION-WIDE INFORMATION FOR MANAGERIAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL. MIS COMPRISES OF MANAGEMENT, INFORMATION AND SYSTEM MANAGEMENT EMPHASISES THE ULTIMATE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING , RATHER THAN MERELY STRESSING ON TECHNOLOGY.INFORMATION HIGHLIGHTS ON PROCESSED DATA RATHER THAN RAW DATA.SYSTEM EMPHASISES A FAIR DEGREE OF INTEGRATION AND A HOLISTIC VIEW.
ROLE OR OBJECTIVES OF MIS:
•FACILITATE
•PROVIDE REQUISITE INFORMATION
•HELP
•SUPPORT
•PROVIDE A SYSTEM OF PEOPLE
FACILITATE:
MIS FACILITATES THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS BY FURNISHING INFORMATION IN THE PROPER TIME FRAME. THIS HELPS THE DECISION MAKER TO SELECT THE BEST COURSE OF MANAGEMENT.
PROVIDE REQUISITE INFORMATION:
MIS PROVIDES REQUISITE INFORMATION AT EACH LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT TO CARRY OUT THEIR FUNCTION.
HELP:
MIS HELPS IN HIGHLIGHTING THE CRITICAL INFORMATION OR FACTORS TO THE CLOSELY MONITORED FOR SUCCESSFUL FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISATION.
SUPPORT:
MIS SUPPORTS DECISION MAKING IN BOTH STRICTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED PROBLEM ENVIRONMENT.
PROVIDE A SYSTEM OF PEOPLE:
MIS PROVIDES A SYSTEM OF PEOPLE, COMPUTERS, PROCEDURES, INTERACTIVEL QUERY FACILITIES, DOCUMENTS FOR COLLECTING, STORING, RETRIEVING, AND TRANSMITTING INFORMATION TO THE USERS.
ADVANTAGES OF MIS:
•USING MIS, COMPANIES ARE ABLE TO IDENTITY THEIR STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES.
•IT PROVIDES OVERALL PICTURE OF AN ORGANISATION.
•IT ACTS AS A COMMUNICATION AND PLANING TOOL.
•IT PROVIDES AVAILABILITY OF CUSTOMER DATA AND FEEDBACK THAT HELPS THE COMPANY FOR PROCESSING ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMERS.
•MIS IS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND SO IT GIVES BUSINESS OWNERS THE ABILITY TO COLLECT, PROCESS AND ENTERPRET DATA.
DISADVANTAGES OF MIS:
•DATA QUALITY ISSUES: ONE OF THE PROBLEM WITHIN AN MIS FRAMEWORK IS THAT THE QUALITY OF THE SYSTEM DEPENDS LARGELY ON THE QUALITY OF DATA. IF THE DATA IS INSUFFICIENT, INCORRECT AND MISPLACED, THE DECISIONS THAT MANAGERS MAKE BASED ON THE DATA CAN BE FAULTY.
•SECURITY ISSUES: MIS INCLUDES SOME DATA SECURITY ISSUES. For example: hackers may identify the corporate sensitive data.
NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF MIS:
NATURE: MIS IS BOTH ART AND SCIENCE. IT IS AN ART BECAUSE IT APPLIES ALL THE TACTS AND SKILLS. IT IS A SCIENCE BECAUSE IT USES THE LAWS, POLICIES, PROCEDURES, RULES, REGULATIONS AND PRINCIPLES.
IMPORTANCE: MIS IS IMPORTANT BOTH TO COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS. IT PLAYS A IMPORTANT ROLE IN ANALYSING, INTERFACE DESIGNING, USER INTERACTION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT, AND IN DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS INDEPENDENTLY.
DIFFERENT FIELDS WHERE MIS IS USED:
•OIL EXPLORATION
•SPACE EXPLORATION
•WEATHER FORECASTING
•MARKET ANALYSIS
•FINANCIAL PLANNING
•PRODUCTION PLANNIG
•HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
•TRANSPORTATION
•COMMUNICATION
•HEAVY INDUSTRIES
•CHEMICALS
•SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
•CARE
•TOURISM
•HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
•EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
•OTHERS.
SYSTEM APPROACH TO MIS:
MIS FOLLOWS THE SYSTEM APPROACH , WHICH IMPLIES A STEP BY STEP APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF SYSTEM AND IT'S PERFORMANCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE OBJECTIVE FOR WHICH IT HAS BEEN CONSTITUTED. IT MEANS TAKING A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OR A COMPLETE LOOK AT THE INTERLOCKING SUB-SYSTEMS THAT OPERATES WITHIN A ORGANISATION.
SYSTEM APPROACH USES A SYSTEM ORIENTATION TO DEFINE A PROBLEM AND DEVELOP SOLUTIONS
IT INVOLVES FOLLOWING INTERRELATED ACTIVITIES:
1.DEFINE THE PROBLEM
2.DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
3.SELECT SOLUTION
4.DESIGN THE SOLUTION
5.IMPLEMENT THE SOLUTION
REASONS FOR SYSTEM APPROACH:
•INCREASED COMPLEXITY OF BUSINESS
•INCREASED COMPLEXITY OF MANAGEMENT
Types of the System in the Management Information Systems:
1.CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
2.EMPIRICAL SYSTEM
3.OPEN SYSTEM
4.CLOSED SYSTEM
5.NATURAL SYSTEM
6.ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM
7.PROBABILISTIC SYSTEM 8.DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM
1.CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
Are theoretical and explanatory in the nature.Provide the much needed clarification.Provide theoretical framework for which there may or may not be any real life counterpart.E.g. of such systems can be philosophy, theology etc.
2.EMPIRICAL SYSTEM:
Are very practical, specific and also very operational in the nature.Can be based on the conceptual system.Examination system, surgery act as very good examples of the empirical systems.
3. OPEN SYSTEM:
Involve continuous interaction with the environment.So exchanges the information, material, energy with the environment.Is open and also self organizing in the nature.Is also adoptive or adaptive to the changing environment as it is flexible.
4.CLOSED SYSTEM:
Shuns any kind of the exchange with the environment.Is rigid in nature.Is not at all amenable to the change.Is also self contained.Is somewhat isolated in the nature.Is having a well defined boundary.Is not at all adaptive in the nature
5. NATURAL SYSTEM:
Such Systems exist and also abound in the nature.Are also not at all the results of the human endeavors.Rivers, mountains, minerals etc. are the major examples of the natural Systems.
6. ARTIFICIAL OR MAN MADE SYSTEM:
Are manufactured (man made).Examples of such Systems are dams, canals, roads, machines, factories etc
7. PROBABILISTIC SYSTEM:
Based on the predictability of the behavior or the outcome.
8. DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM:
In such Systems, the interaction of the elements is known.As the behavior of the elements is pre determined, it becomes possible to work upon the reaction well in the advance.
SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE:
•STUDY PHASE
•DESIGN PHASE
•DEVELOPMENT PHASE
•IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
STUDY PHASE:
STUDY PHASE INCLUDES •IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEMS
•STUDY OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM
•IDENTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION OF IT'S ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ACTION
•SELECTION OF THE MOST APPROPRIATE COURSE OF ACTION AS PER THE OBJECTIVE.
DESIGN PHASE:
•IDENTIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONS TO BE PERFORMED
•STUDY OF THE INPUT/OUTPUT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
•DEFINING BASIC PARAMETERS OF SYSTEM DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT PHASE:
•IN THIS STAGE, THE DECISION ABOUT SELECTION AND USE OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE IS TAKEN.
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE:
THE SYSTEM SO DESIGNED IS GIVEN PRACTICAL SHAPE AND IS ADOPTED FOR USE.
MIS ORGANIZATION:
Management information system, or MIS, broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL THEORIES:
Organisational developement or OD emerged out of human relations studies from the 1930s where psychologists realized that organizational structures and processes influence worker behavior and motivation.Lewin's work in the 1940s and 1950s also helped show that feedback was a valuable tool in addressing social processes.More recently, work on OD has expanded to focus on aligning organizations with their rapidly changing and complex environments through organizational learning, knowledge management and transformation of organizational norms and values
ORGANISATIONAL theories development:
The development of ORGANISATIONAL theories focuses on organisational climate, culute, strategies, time, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, principles, ideas, faster processing and management.
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR:
ORGANIZATINAL BEHAVIOR OR OB IS THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN AN ORGANISATION. IT IS ACTUALLY THE INTERFACE BETWEEN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE ORGANIZATION.
THE MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR STUDY IN WHICH HUMANS WORKING IN THE ORGANIZATION ARE JUDGED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR BEHAVIOR AND TRAINING, GUIDANCE, WARNING ARE GIVEN OR NECESSARY ACTIONS ARE TAKEN THEREOF.
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